The US Department of Commerce has issued new export restrictions for critical technologies, which also affect the field of metal 3D printing. The regulation published by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) aims to control the spread of sensitive technologies.
In addition to additive manufacturing, components for quantum computers, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and certain chip designs are also subject to the stricter controls. For these technologies, either new export control classification numbers (ECCNs) have been introduced or existing ones have been revised.
The authority justifies the measures with national security interests. Exports to countries in ‘Group A:1’, which includes many EU countries, South Korea, Japan and Australia, are to be authorised in principle. For countries in groups ‘D:1’ and ‘D:5’, in particular China and Russia, there is a presumption of refusal.
The BIS emphasises the growing importance of metal 3D printing for military applications such as aircraft, missiles and propulsion systems. The next generation of this technology could enable significant improvements in component properties and advanced military capabilities.
In parallel, the US Department of Justice and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) have called on the 3D printing industry to step up co-operation in the fight against illegally printed weapons components.
The new regulations could have far-reaching consequences for the entire 3D printing industry. Although the focus is on metal printing, the controls could be extended to all 3D printing technologies, as critical components can also be produced using low-cost desktop printers.
Companies have until 5 November 2024 to submit comments on the provisional regulations. These could still influence the final version of the regulations.
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